How to solve Syllogism for bank PO and Clerk using cross cancellation and vertical cancellation

Syllogism for bank exam:In every bank test you can find at least  5 questions from syllogism.Most of the candidates find "syllogism " bit confusing.But this is one of the section from which you can easily score 5-6 marks without much effort. Once you understand the concept of syllogism thoroughly there will be no place for confusion.   As you know in bank clerk exams  most of the syllogism questions will be based on two statements.In PO/MT exams questions will be from 3 or 4 statement syllogism. Here we are sharing two simple methods to solve syllogism.Cross cancellation and vertical cancellation.These two methods are extremely simple, but not effective in complex questions.You can use this method for solving "direct syllogism questions".We won't suggest you to use this methods in IBPS PO exams.Cross cancellation and vertical cancellation methods are advisable for IBPS Clerk exams.Here we are sharing an article on syllogism shortcuts and tricks for bank exam that will help you in bank exam preparation.You can use Venn diagram method for 'possibility cases' are other complex syllogism problems

Following are the main rules for solving Syllogism Problems : 

1. All + All=All 
2. All + No=No 
3. All + Some=No Conclusion
4. Some + No= Some Not 
5. Some + All=Some 
6. Some + Some= No Conclusion
7. No + Some=Some Not (Reversed) 
8. No + All = Some Not(Reversed) 
9. No + No=No Conclusion 
10.  Some Not /Some Not Reversed + Anything = No Conclusion 

Solving two statement syllogism using Cross cancellation method

Example1:Statements:All maps are roads,Some roads are cities.
To deduce relation between maps and cities you can use cross cancellation.

Strike out common term “roads”. What is left? “All maps are” and “Some are cities”. From above table All + Some=No conclusion.So , no specific relation between roads and cities can be drawn from above statements.

Example2:No pencil is  a chair,All pens are pencils

Reverse the order of statement for simplicity,

All pens are pencils

No pencil is a chair

Strike out common term pencil. All+No=NO.So, relation between pen and chair is “No pen is a chair”

Example.3: No bag is a computer,Some computers are ice-cream

Strike out common term computer.

NO+Some=Some not(reversed)

So, relation between bag and ice-cream is “Some ice-cream are not bags”.

Cross cancellation method for three statement syllogism

Example.Some mangoes are apples,All apples are oranges,All oranges are pineapple.

Strike out common term from first and second statements.

Strike out common term from second and third statements also.

From first and second statements Some + All = Some

Add this result to next, ie Some+All=Some

So, relation between mangoes and pineapples is “Some mangoes are pineapples”

Vertical cancellation method to solve syllogism

Example.No car is a bike,Some buses are bike.

Here in this set of statements , there is no scope for cross cancellation. When you find questions like this, go for vertical cancellation method.

Strike out common term “bike”.

No + Some=Some Not (Reversed) 

Thus , relation between car and buses is “Some buses are not car”.

Immediate inference(Deduction of conclusion from a single statement)

In some cases you can deduce conclusion from a single statement.Such cases are tabulated below.

Statement	Conclusion (Immediate inference)
All A are B	Some A are B, Some B are A
Some A are B	Some B are A
No A is B	No B is A

Read also:

• Venn diagram method for solving syllogism
• Solving 3,4 statement syllogism with possibility cases

Syllogism Practice questions

In each of the following questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions .You have to take given statement to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Give answer

a)If only conclusion I is true

b) If only conclusion II is true

c) If either I or II is true

d) If neither I nor II is true

e) If both are true

Questions

1.Statements:All nails are ears, Some ears are eyes

Conclusions:I.All ears are nails , II.Some eyes are nails

2.Statements:All books are shrubs, All trees are shrubs

Conclusions:I.Some shrubs are books, II.Some shrubs are trees

3.Statements:Some books are birds, Some bird are fingers

Conclusions:I.Some fingers are books, II.Some finger are birds

4.Statements:All dogs are monkeys, No monkey is cat

Conclusions:I.No dog is a cat, II.No cat is a dog

5.Statements:Some phones are watches, All watches are guns

Conclusions: I.All guns are watches, II.Some guns are phones

Answers:1.d, 2.e, 3.b, 4.e, 5.b

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simon     13:19:00     6 comments:

Solving Syllogism questions for bank PO using venn diagram

Syllogism questions for bank exams:In IBPS PO and Clerk exams ,atleast 5 syllogism questions will be there under reasoning section.Usually in clerk exams,questions are asked  from two statement syllogism,and in PO/MT exams, "4 or 5 statement syllogism questions" are asked. So,Inorder do well in IBPS CWEs, thorough understanding of syllogism is required.Here we are sharing "Venn diagram method for solving 3,4 statement syllogism" questions that are asked in bank exams. Before reading this please make sure that you have already  read previous article on syllogism "Solving syllogism using Venn diagram".

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3,4 statement Syllogism practice questions for bank po

Q1.Statements

1.All Watches are Keys

2.All Keys are Cats

3.Some Bats are Cats

Conclusions:

1.Some Cats are watches

2.All Keys are Watches

3.Some Bats are watches

4.Some Bats being Key is a possibility.

Options :

1.All 4 conclusions  are true

2.Only 1 and 4 follows

3.only 2 and 3 follows

4.none of the conclusions follows

ANS:2

Explanation:

Look at conclusions 1,2 and 3 .From fig.1 itself, you can conclude whether these conclusions are valid or not. But conclusion 4 is a possibility case. In such cases ,we have to find out whether ‘any such diagram exist where this conclusion is valid’. We know that number of diagrams are possible for a statement. So, many diagrams can be drawn for a set of statements. Modify Fig.1, incorporating possibility case(Some Bats being Key is a possibility) to get fig.2 .You can see none of the statement is violated in fig.2. So conclusion 4 holds true.

Q2.Statements

1.Some Lions are Tables

2.All Benches are tables.

3.Some Tigers are Benches

4.Some Chairs  are not Tigers

Conclusions:

1.Some Benches are Tigers

2.Some Lions are Tigers

3.Some Chairs are not Benches

4.Some Tigers are tables

5.All Chair being Table is a Possibility.

Options:

1.only 1,2,4 and 5 are true .

2.only 1,4and 5 are  true.

3.Only 1,2,3 and 4 are true.

4.none of the above.

Modified diagram (incorporating possibility conclusion in above diagram). 

ANS:2

Q3.Statement:

1.All Trees are Fruits 

2.All Fruits are vegetables

3.No Vegetable is Sweet.

Conclusion

1.No Fruit is Sweet

2.All Vegetables are Fruits

3.Some Sweets are Fruits

4.No Vegetable is Tree.

Options :

1.only 1 is true

2.All are true

3.Only 1 and 4 are true

4.Only 2 and 3 are true

ANS:1

If any doubt,comment below .

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simon     00:04:00     5 comments:

Syllogism for bank exams

Solving syllogism is always confusing .No more confusion here onwards. Conventional methods are usually time consuming .It is okey if the problem is 2 statement syllogism. But it is not the case if the problem is 3,4 or 5 statement syllogism .Conventional method will eat your valuable time during exams. Please try to follow Venn diagram method explained below.

Before solving questions ,let us draw Venn diagram for possible statements.

1.Statement:”All A are B” 

Possible Venn diagrams.

fig1

fig2

Let us see whether following conclusions follows ‘ the above statement  or not. A Conclusion follows if and only if conclusion is satisfied in all possible conditions of the statement. That means conclusion must be possible in all Venn  diagrams we have drawn .

>

You can see only conclusions 2 and 3  clearly  follows .But look at the conclusions 1 and 7,there is a possibility for these  conclusions to be true.If the conclusions 1 and 7 are modified as below

1=> All A being   B is a possibility(see fig.2). and

7=> Some B  not being  A is a possibility (see fig.1).

Then the answer will be’ YES’ and ‘YES’. Hope it is clear….Now let us go to next statement

2.Statement:”some A are B” 

Possible Venn diagrams.

fig.3

fig4

fig.5

fig.6

Let us see whether following conclusions follows the above statement or not.

You can see only conclusion 3 clearly follows. But in some cases there is possibility for conclusions 1,2,6 and 7 to be true. If we  modify 1,2,6 and 7 as follows.

1=> All A being B is a possibility.(see fig.4 and fig.6)

2=>All B being A is a possibility.(see fig.5 and fig.6)

6=>Some A not being B is a possibility(see fig.3 and fig.5)

7=>Some B not being A is a possibility(see fig.3 and fig.4)

Then these conclusions follows the statement.

3.Statement:"Some A are not B"

 Possible Venn diagrams.

fig7

fig8

fig9

None of the conclusion follows directly. But there exist possibility for conclusion 2 to 7.If we modify them

2=>All B being A is a possibility? YES (fig.8)

3=>Some B  being A is a possibility? YES(fig.7 and fig.8)

4=>No A being B is a possibility ?YES(fig.9).

5=> No B being  A is a possibility ?YES (fig.9).

6=> Some A being  B is possibility?YES(fig.7 and fig.8).

7=> Some B  not being  A is a possibility.?YES(fig.7 and fig.9).

Hope you understood ….

4.Statement:"No A is B"

Possible Venn diagram

fig10

Conclusions 4,5 and 7 follows. In this case there is only one Venn diagram possible ,therefore there is no possibility cases.

Now let us do some simple problems.

Q1)Statement :Some Pens are Pencils.

                        All Pencils are Books.

Conclusions:1.All the Books are Pencil

                     2. Some Pens are Book.

                     3. All Pen being Book is a possibility.

or

 Ans:1-NO,2-YES,3-YES.

Q2)Statement:Some Dogs are Cat.

                       Some Cats are Cows.

 Conclusions:1.Some Dogs are Cows.

                     2. Some Cats are Dogs.

or 

 ANS:1-NO,2-YES

Q3):Statements:All cars are Chair.

                          No Chair is Mug.

Conclusions:1.No car is mug.

                     2.All Chair are cars.

ANS:1-YES,2-NO

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Click here to read solving 3,4 statement syllogism

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simon     21:31:00     8 comments: